corpus luteum- Anatomy, Zoology. a ductless gland developed within the ovary by the reorganization of a Graafian follicle following ovulation
Epididymis- an elongated organ on the posterior surface of a testis that constitutes the convoluted beginning of the vas deferens.
gonad - a sex gland in which gametes are produced; an ovary or testis.
Meiosis - The process in cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes from diploid to haploid
Oocyte - A cell from which an egg or ovum develops by meiosis; a female gametocyte.
Ovary - the female reproductive gland.
placenta – A sac-shaped organ that attaches the embryo or fetus to the uterus during pregnancy
Scrotum – The external pouch that contains the testes.
seminiferous tubule - any of the coiled tubules of the testis in which spermatozoa are produced.
Testis - The reproductive gland in a male
Vulva - the external female genitalia.
Blastocyst
Embryo - An organism in its early stages of development
Fetus The unborn offspring at the later stages of its development
Implantation - The embedding of the fertilized egg in the endometrium of the uterus.
lactation - Secretion or formation of milk by the mammary glands
umbilical cord - the cord that connects the fetus to the maternal placenta, providing nutrients and removing wastes
yolk sac - where the embryo develops
zygote - A cell formed by the union of two gametes
ultrasound
Monday, December 17, 2007
Hormonal Control of the Menstrual Cycle Worksheet
What is a hormone? Chemicals that are produced in one part of the body and used in another
What system is responsible for the production of hormones? The Endocrine System
Sketch a picture of the female reproductive system. Include the oviduct, ovaries, uterus, cervix and vagina.
Where does the embryo undergo most of its development? Uterus
What is another name for the fallopian tube? oviduct
Where does fertilization take place? fallopian tubes
What is ovulation? Changes that occur to the ovaries during the menstrual cycle
What is the follicle converted to? Corpus Luteum
What happens during the flow phase? Hormone production stops
What happens during the follicular phase? Follicle gets bigger and produces a hormone which makes uterus lining thicker.
What happens during the luteal phase? Follicle is converted into a corpus luteum
What happens to the uterine lining during the first phase? It sloughs
What are the four hormones that control the menstrual cycle? LH, FSH, Progestrerone, Estrogen
As FSH increases in concentration in the blood , the follicle is? Developing
When the follicle ruptures it releases what? Ova
What is considered the hormone of pregnancy? Progesterone
What is the rhythm method? Birth control in which you utry to anticipate the days of the ovulation
What do you call a couple using the rhythm method? parents
What is menopause? What causes it? The cessation of menstruation, The cessation of Lh.
When does fertilization occur? When the sperm and the ova combine in the oviducts
When is a zygote formed? When the sperm and the ova combine
What is a placenta? IT transfers material between the embyro and uterus
What system is responsible for the production of hormones? The Endocrine System
Sketch a picture of the female reproductive system. Include the oviduct, ovaries, uterus, cervix and vagina.
Where does the embryo undergo most of its development? Uterus
What is another name for the fallopian tube? oviduct
Where does fertilization take place? fallopian tubes
What is ovulation? Changes that occur to the ovaries during the menstrual cycle
What is the follicle converted to? Corpus Luteum
What happens during the flow phase? Hormone production stops
What happens during the follicular phase? Follicle gets bigger and produces a hormone which makes uterus lining thicker.
What happens during the luteal phase? Follicle is converted into a corpus luteum
What happens to the uterine lining during the first phase? It sloughs
What are the four hormones that control the menstrual cycle? LH, FSH, Progestrerone, Estrogen
As FSH increases in concentration in the blood , the follicle is? Developing
When the follicle ruptures it releases what? Ova
What is considered the hormone of pregnancy? Progesterone
What is the rhythm method? Birth control in which you utry to anticipate the days of the ovulation
What do you call a couple using the rhythm method? parents
What is menopause? What causes it? The cessation of menstruation, The cessation of Lh.
When does fertilization occur? When the sperm and the ova combine in the oviducts
When is a zygote formed? When the sperm and the ova combine
What is a placenta? IT transfers material between the embyro and uterus
Tuesday, December 4, 2007
reproductive questions in text
1. List the general functions of the male reproductive system. Produce the male sex cells, to transport these cells to the female reproductive tract, and to secrete male sex hormones.
7. Outline the process of meiosis. Two divisions; First and Second Meiotic Divisions. The first meiotic division seperates homologous chromosome pairs. Each is replicated and consists of chromatids. Each cells that undergo the second meiotic division emerges with one member of each homogous pair, a condition termed haploid.
8. List two ways that meiosis provides genetic variability.
10. Describe a sperm cell. tadpole-shaped structure about .06 millimeters long.
11. Describe the epidiymis, and explain its function. A tightly coiled, thredlike tube about 6 meters long. It connects the seminiferous tubules of the testes to the vas deferens.
20. Explain the mechanism that produces an erection of the penis. The spinal cord releases the vasodilator nitric oxide, which causes the arteries leading to the penis to dialate, increasing blood flow into erectile tissues. Consequently, blood accumalates in the erectile tissues, and the penis swells and elongates, producing an erection.
29. List the general functions of the female reproductive system. To produce and maintain the female sex cells, transport these cells to the site of fertalization, to provide a favorable environment for a developing offspring, to move offspring to the outside, and to produce female sex hormones.
33. Describe the structure of an ovary. The ovaries are subdivided into a medulla and a cortex, medulla composed of connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatic vessesls,& nerves, the cortex contains ovarian follicles & is covered by cuboidal epithelium.
38. Define ovulation. The release of an oocyte from an ovary.
40. Describe the structure of the uterus. A hollow,muscular organ, shaped somewhat like an inverted pear.
49. Define menstral cycle. Recurring changes in the uterine lining of a woman of reproducting age.
54. Describe the process of fertilization. The union of an egg cell and a sperm cell.
58. Discuss the events that occur during the birth process. Fetal head forced toward cervix, cervix is stretched, stretched receptors are stimulated, Reflex is elicited that causes stronger uterine contractions, fetus is moved downward
61. Define contraception. A behavior or device that prevents fertalization.
62. List several methods of contraception, and explain how each prevents pregnancy. Birth control pills they distrupt the normal pattern of gonadotrophin & prevent the surge in LH release that triggers ovulation, injection of depo alters uterine lining making it less hospitable for developing embryo, implants prevents ovulation like birth control pills.
63. List several sexual transmitted diseases. gonorrhea, chlamydia, & aids.
7. Outline the process of meiosis. Two divisions; First and Second Meiotic Divisions. The first meiotic division seperates homologous chromosome pairs. Each is replicated and consists of chromatids. Each cells that undergo the second meiotic division emerges with one member of each homogous pair, a condition termed haploid.
8. List two ways that meiosis provides genetic variability.
10. Describe a sperm cell. tadpole-shaped structure about .06 millimeters long.
11. Describe the epidiymis, and explain its function. A tightly coiled, thredlike tube about 6 meters long. It connects the seminiferous tubules of the testes to the vas deferens.
20. Explain the mechanism that produces an erection of the penis. The spinal cord releases the vasodilator nitric oxide, which causes the arteries leading to the penis to dialate, increasing blood flow into erectile tissues. Consequently, blood accumalates in the erectile tissues, and the penis swells and elongates, producing an erection.
29. List the general functions of the female reproductive system. To produce and maintain the female sex cells, transport these cells to the site of fertalization, to provide a favorable environment for a developing offspring, to move offspring to the outside, and to produce female sex hormones.
33. Describe the structure of an ovary. The ovaries are subdivided into a medulla and a cortex, medulla composed of connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatic vessesls,& nerves, the cortex contains ovarian follicles & is covered by cuboidal epithelium.
38. Define ovulation. The release of an oocyte from an ovary.
40. Describe the structure of the uterus. A hollow,muscular organ, shaped somewhat like an inverted pear.
49. Define menstral cycle. Recurring changes in the uterine lining of a woman of reproducting age.
54. Describe the process of fertilization. The union of an egg cell and a sperm cell.
58. Discuss the events that occur during the birth process. Fetal head forced toward cervix, cervix is stretched, stretched receptors are stimulated, Reflex is elicited that causes stronger uterine contractions, fetus is moved downward
61. Define contraception. A behavior or device that prevents fertalization.
62. List several methods of contraception, and explain how each prevents pregnancy. Birth control pills they distrupt the normal pattern of gonadotrophin & prevent the surge in LH release that triggers ovulation, injection of depo alters uterine lining making it less hospitable for developing embryo, implants prevents ovulation like birth control pills.
63. List several sexual transmitted diseases. gonorrhea, chlamydia, & aids.
Monday, December 3, 2007
What is the purpose of the reproductive system? To reproduce
What is the function of the ovaries? produce ova and female hormones
What is the structure that connects the ovaries to the uterus? The fallopian tubes
What is the name of the lining of the uterus? endometrium
Name the three parts of the uterus and where they are located. Fundus, top, Body, middle, and cervix, bottom
What is the female organ of copulation? vagina
Sketch a picture of the female reproductive system. Include the following: bladder, ovary, uterus, fallopian tube, urethra, vagina.
What is the male organ of copulation? penis
What are the two functions of the urethra in the male? transport urine and semen
What are the two functions of the testes? Produce and secrete an endocrine substance
What is the name of the structure where the testes are located? scrotum
Why are the testes located outside the body? Body heat would kill the sperm
Where do sperm mature? epididymis
What is the vas deferens? tube that connects epididymis and ejaculatory duct
What is the structure that secretes and stores a fluid releases at the time of ejaculation? seminal vesicles
What are the functions of the prostate gland?protects sperm from harmful acid in the urethra and vagina.
What is semen? sperm
Sketch a picture of the male reproductive system. Include the following: penis, seminal vesicles, epididymis, cowper’s gland, testes, scrotum, vas deferens, urethra, prostate, ejaculatory duct. You guys will need to do this in paint. Sorry, but I am not there to get the drawings by hand.
What is the function of the ovaries? produce ova and female hormones
What is the structure that connects the ovaries to the uterus? The fallopian tubes
What is the name of the lining of the uterus? endometrium
Name the three parts of the uterus and where they are located. Fundus, top, Body, middle, and cervix, bottom
What is the female organ of copulation? vagina
Sketch a picture of the female reproductive system. Include the following: bladder, ovary, uterus, fallopian tube, urethra, vagina.
What is the male organ of copulation? penis
What are the two functions of the urethra in the male? transport urine and semen
What are the two functions of the testes? Produce and secrete an endocrine substance
What is the name of the structure where the testes are located? scrotum
Why are the testes located outside the body? Body heat would kill the sperm
Where do sperm mature? epididymis
What is the vas deferens? tube that connects epididymis and ejaculatory duct
What is the structure that secretes and stores a fluid releases at the time of ejaculation? seminal vesicles
What are the functions of the prostate gland?protects sperm from harmful acid in the urethra and vagina.
What is semen? sperm
Sketch a picture of the male reproductive system. Include the following: penis, seminal vesicles, epididymis, cowper’s gland, testes, scrotum, vas deferens, urethra, prostate, ejaculatory duct. You guys will need to do this in paint. Sorry, but I am not there to get the drawings by hand.
Wednesday, November 28, 2007
Basic urinary worksheet
What are three functions of the kidneys? filters all matter from blood not just waste, selectively reabsorbs all substances that the body can make use of, eliminates waste product in blood in the form of urine
What is the protective layer around the kidney? peri-renal capsule
What is the outer layer of the kidney? cortex
What is the urine collection system of the kidney? medulla
What is the dilated end of the ureters called? pelvis
What is the function of the bladder? to store urine
What transports urine in males? Females? urethra
What is the protective layer around the kidney? peri-renal capsule
What is the outer layer of the kidney? cortex
What is the urine collection system of the kidney? medulla
What is the dilated end of the ureters called? pelvis
What is the function of the bladder? to store urine
What transports urine in males? Females? urethra
Digestive System Worksheet
What is the digestive tract? a long tube with food first entering at the mouth.
What happens to undigested materials in the digestive tract? continues along the tube until it exits at the anus.
Sketch the path that food takes through the digestive tract. Be sure to include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, appendix, large intestine rectum, and all 4 sphincters.
What is the function of the mouth in the digestion process? food enters through the mouth
What is the term for the small mass of food that enters into the esophagus? bolus
What triggers peristalsis?
the presence of the bolus in the esophagus triggers peristalsis.
What is the function of the cardiac sphincter? closes the entrance of stomach to prevents food from reentering the esophagus
What is the mucous membrane? digestive tract
How long is the small intestine? 20 feet
Where does most digestion and absorption of nutrients take place? small intestine
What increase the surface area of the small intestine? villi
What is the first section of the small intestine? What is its function? duodenum. the receptors can detect the presence of hypo and hypertonic solutions.
Where is bile stored? gallbladder
What is segmentation? Grabbing a tube tightly at various places around the middle and squeezing so that its contents are broken into smaller pieces.
When does the ileocecal sphincter open? when the amount of food in the small intestine begins to build up, the sphincter opens to let it through.
What is the function of the anal sphincter? stops waste from leaving the body until you want it to.
What is the function of the appendix in humans? serves no apparent function and sometimes gets infected and has to removed.
Where does digestion begin? mouth
What is gastric juice made of? hydrochloric acid, and enzymes
Where are enzymes released in the small intestine produced? Pancreas
What is the function of the following enzymes: amylase, lactase, maltase, sucrase, and lipase? they break apart lactose, maltose and sucrose respectively
There are two ways that nutrients get into the blood stream. Describe each method. diffuse across the intestinal membrane and into the blood by flowing along the concentration gradient
What happens to undigested materials in the digestive tract? continues along the tube until it exits at the anus.
Sketch the path that food takes through the digestive tract. Be sure to include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, appendix, large intestine rectum, and all 4 sphincters.
What is the function of the mouth in the digestion process? food enters through the mouth
What is the term for the small mass of food that enters into the esophagus? bolus
What triggers peristalsis?
the presence of the bolus in the esophagus triggers peristalsis.
What is the function of the cardiac sphincter? closes the entrance of stomach to prevents food from reentering the esophagus
What is the mucous membrane? digestive tract
How long is the small intestine? 20 feet
Where does most digestion and absorption of nutrients take place? small intestine
What increase the surface area of the small intestine? villi
What is the first section of the small intestine? What is its function? duodenum. the receptors can detect the presence of hypo and hypertonic solutions.
Where is bile stored? gallbladder
What is segmentation? Grabbing a tube tightly at various places around the middle and squeezing so that its contents are broken into smaller pieces.
When does the ileocecal sphincter open? when the amount of food in the small intestine begins to build up, the sphincter opens to let it through.
What is the function of the anal sphincter? stops waste from leaving the body until you want it to.
What is the function of the appendix in humans? serves no apparent function and sometimes gets infected and has to removed.
Where does digestion begin? mouth
What is gastric juice made of? hydrochloric acid, and enzymes
Where are enzymes released in the small intestine produced? Pancreas
What is the function of the following enzymes: amylase, lactase, maltase, sucrase, and lipase? they break apart lactose, maltose and sucrose respectively
There are two ways that nutrients get into the blood stream. Describe each method. diffuse across the intestinal membrane and into the blood by flowing along the concentration gradient
Tuesday, November 27, 2007
Reproductive system vocab
corpus luteum Structuure that forms the tissue of a ruptured ovarian follicle and secretes female hormones
epididymis an elongated organ on the posterior surface of a testis that constitutes the convoluted beginning of the vas deferens.
gonad A sex cell producing organ
meiosis A form of cell division that halves the genetic material resulting in egg and sperm cells
oocyte An immature egg cell
ovary The primary reprodutive organ of a female
placenta Structure attaching a fetus to the uterine wall providing a conduit to recieve nutrients and excrete wastes.
scrotum Apouch of skin that encloses the testes.
seminiferous tubule Tubule within the testes where sperm cells form
testis Primary reproductive organ of a male
vulva The external reproductive parts of the female that surround the opening of the vagina
blastocyst An early stage of prenatal developement that consists of a hollow ball of cells
embryo A prenatal stage of development after germ layers form but before the rudiments of all organs are present
fetus A human embryo after eight weeks of development
implantation The embedding of a cleavage embryo in the lining of the uterus
lactation Production of milk by the mammary glands
umbilical cord Cordlike structure that connects the fetus to the placenta
yolk sac An extraembryonic membrane connected to the embryo by a long narrow tube
zygote Cell produced by the fusion of an egg and sperm
ultrasound a diagnostic examination
epididymis an elongated organ on the posterior surface of a testis that constitutes the convoluted beginning of the vas deferens.
gonad A sex cell producing organ
meiosis A form of cell division that halves the genetic material resulting in egg and sperm cells
oocyte An immature egg cell
ovary The primary reprodutive organ of a female
placenta Structure attaching a fetus to the uterine wall providing a conduit to recieve nutrients and excrete wastes.
scrotum Apouch of skin that encloses the testes.
seminiferous tubule Tubule within the testes where sperm cells form
testis Primary reproductive organ of a male
vulva The external reproductive parts of the female that surround the opening of the vagina
blastocyst An early stage of prenatal developement that consists of a hollow ball of cells
embryo A prenatal stage of development after germ layers form but before the rudiments of all organs are present
fetus A human embryo after eight weeks of development
implantation The embedding of a cleavage embryo in the lining of the uterus
lactation Production of milk by the mammary glands
umbilical cord Cordlike structure that connects the fetus to the placenta
yolk sac An extraembryonic membrane connected to the embryo by a long narrow tube
zygote Cell produced by the fusion of an egg and sperm
ultrasound a diagnostic examination
Tuesday, November 6, 2007
Part 1 :Starter article
How does this article relate to the immune system?
Why is this article significant to you?
Does this article change your opinion or outlook on anything?
Do you agree or disagree with the article? Why or why not?
What are some suggestions to solve the problem?
Is there something that should be done differently?
Who in the world does this affect? Why or How?
This should be posted to your blog upon completion.
This article explains how viruses change and why doctors and scientists a have to come uo with a new vaccine every year for the viruses. Scientist have to come up with different year because viruses never stay the same they are always changing. I feel that this info is very helpful for example the flu virus it constantly changes and so are vaccines it lets us know that we should get vaccinated for this every year.
Why is this article significant to you?
Does this article change your opinion or outlook on anything?
Do you agree or disagree with the article? Why or why not?
What are some suggestions to solve the problem?
Is there something that should be done differently?
Who in the world does this affect? Why or How?
This should be posted to your blog upon completion.
This article explains how viruses change and why doctors and scientists a have to come uo with a new vaccine every year for the viruses. Scientist have to come up with different year because viruses never stay the same they are always changing. I feel that this info is very helpful for example the flu virus it constantly changes and so are vaccines it lets us know that we should get vaccinated for this every year.
Thursday, October 25, 2007
Wednesday, October 24, 2007
Basic respiratory worksheet
What are the two entrances for oxygen to enter the respiratory system? Nose & mouth.
Where does the air go to from the nose and mouth? To the trachea & pharynx
In between the pharynx and the trachea what structure does this lesson leave out? larynx
Where is the trachea located in reference to the esophagus? Anterior
What structures moisten the air in the Respiratory System? Nose & mouth
What is the name for the small air sacs at the end of the bronchioles? Alveoli
Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs? alveoli
What is the main muscle of respiration? Diaphram
What happens when we inhale? Exhale? The diaphram contracts. the diaphram relax.
Sketch a picture of the respiratory system. Include the following structures: nose, mouth,
pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli and lungs.
Tuesday, October 16, 2007
The heart Worksheet
All vertebrates have what type of circulatory system? closed circulatory system
How does the circulatory system maintain homeostasis? Through water and electrolyte tranport, fluid volume control, and regulation of pH and of body temperature.
Name 4 functions of the circulatory system. Maintains homeostasis, Carries Hormones, & Transports oxygen
What are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart called? Arteries
What are blood vessels that carry blood to the heart called? Veins
What is the sac that surrounds the heart called? pericardium
What is the muscular portion of the heart called? myocardium
What is the lining of the myocardium called? endocardium
What is the name of the upper cavities of the heart? The lower cavities? Atria & ventricles
What veins carry blood to the left atrium? The right atrium? Superior vena cava & inferior vena cava,
What arteries carry blood away from the left ventricle? The right ventricle? aorta &pulmonary
How does the circulatory system maintain homeostasis? Through water and electrolyte tranport, fluid volume control, and regulation of pH and of body temperature.
Name 4 functions of the circulatory system. Maintains homeostasis, Carries Hormones, & Transports oxygen
What are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart called? Arteries
What are blood vessels that carry blood to the heart called? Veins
What is the sac that surrounds the heart called? pericardium
What is the muscular portion of the heart called? myocardium
What is the lining of the myocardium called? endocardium
What is the name of the upper cavities of the heart? The lower cavities? Atria & ventricles
What veins carry blood to the left atrium? The right atrium? Superior vena cava & inferior vena cava,
What arteries carry blood away from the left ventricle? The right ventricle? aorta &pulmonary
Monday, October 8, 2007
Thursday, October 4, 2007
Basic eye worksheet
1. The eye is part of which nervous system? Central nervous system
2. What types of tissues give the eye protection? connective & fatty
3. What structure in the eye produces tears? Lacrimal Glands
4. What acts as an antibacterial layer in the eye? conjuctiva
5. What is the cornea? front of the sclera
6. What layer of the eye contains the rods and cones?Retina
7. What is the function of the rods? The cones? night vision, Day & color vision
8. What is the colored part of the eye? Iris
9. What structure allows light to enter the eye? Pupil
Sketch picture of eye with following labeled: lacrimal glands, eyelashes, iris, pupil, cornea, lens, eyelid, sclera, choroids, optic nerve, and retina
2. What types of tissues give the eye protection? connective & fatty
3. What structure in the eye produces tears? Lacrimal Glands
4. What acts as an antibacterial layer in the eye? conjuctiva
5. What is the cornea? front of the sclera
6. What layer of the eye contains the rods and cones?Retina
7. What is the function of the rods? The cones? night vision, Day & color vision
8. What is the colored part of the eye? Iris
9. What structure allows light to enter the eye? Pupil
Sketch picture of eye with following labeled: lacrimal glands, eyelashes, iris, pupil, cornea, lens, eyelid, sclera, choroids, optic nerve, and retina
Tuesday, October 2, 2007
Basic Ear worksheet
Sketch a picture of an ear and label the following:
A. Inner ear
B. middle ear
C. outer ear
D. pinna
E. tympanic membrane
F. cochlea
G. stapes
H. malleus
I. incus
What is the function of the following:
Pinna -Directing Sound waves into auditory canal
tympanic membrane- made of pinna and auditory canal.
ossicles -maginfies sound produced by ear drum
cochlea -Causes hairs to move which nerves intepret and send to brain to create hearing.
semicircular canals - balances the body
Pinna -Directing Sound waves into auditory canal
tympanic membrane- made of pinna and auditory canal.
ossicles -maginfies sound produced by ear drum
cochlea -Causes hairs to move which nerves intepret and send to brain to create hearing.
semicircular canals - balances the body
What three bones make up the ossicles? Stapes, Malleus,& Incus
What is the function of hairs in the ear? movement turns into impulses that your brain inteprets
Monday, October 1, 2007
Basic Nervous System Worksheet
1. What does CNS and PNS stand for? Central nervous system & Peripheral nervous system
2. What are the parts of the CNS? Brain & spinal cord
3. Describe something that you do on a regular basis that your PNS controls. uranation
4. What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system and what does each control?Sympathetic & para sympathetic. Controls body in stressful situations, brings body back to normal.
5. What are the three main types of neurons? What is the function of each? Sensory, motor, interneuron. recieve impulses from the body, tell you to react, transport impulse to the brain
6. What is the function of the axon of a nerve cell? The dendrite? impulses are sent from the axon and end up at the dendrite, synapse happens and it jumps to neuron.
7. What is a synapse? conduction of an impulse from one neuron to another.
8. Sketch a neuron and label the axon and the dendrite.
Wednesday, September 26, 2007
Saturday, September 22, 2007
What if assignment?
How would your life be different if you did not have bones in your feet and hands?
Life would be completely different if we didn't have bones in our hands and feet.
In life we do alot of things with our hands. For example picking up things, it wolud be impossilbe to do without the bones. The bones help support the body so wihtout them in our feet we wouldn't be able to stand or move around, both our hands and feet would be like jelly. Everyone would have to get wheel chairs to survive without these bones.
How would your life be different if you did not have muscles inside your face? We have alot of muscle in our faces. With those muscles we are sometimes able to talk and express our feelings and emotions. Our faces would be saggy we wouldnt be able to communicate verbally with each other. life wouldnt be to bad with the bones missing in our faces because we could always use pencil and paper to communicate.
How would your life be different if your spine was one long bone as opposed to multiple bones?Our spine helps to keep us up right. Having one long bone would also keep us up right but we would be stuck in that position, and there would be less movement. We are able to move our bodys around because the body has multiple bones. For example bending over to pick up something it probably would be very painful if we had one long bone for a spine. I think that we would be able to survive without changing anything.
How would your life be different if you had your skeleton on the outside? If our skeletons were on the outside of the body things wouldn't be so good. The bones are inside the body to protect internal organs and also to support the body. I believe that it would be very painful, and I dont feel that there would be any changes that we could make that would help us to survive.
Life would be completely different if we didn't have bones in our hands and feet.
In life we do alot of things with our hands. For example picking up things, it wolud be impossilbe to do without the bones. The bones help support the body so wihtout them in our feet we wouldn't be able to stand or move around, both our hands and feet would be like jelly. Everyone would have to get wheel chairs to survive without these bones.
How would your life be different if you did not have muscles inside your face? We have alot of muscle in our faces. With those muscles we are sometimes able to talk and express our feelings and emotions. Our faces would be saggy we wouldnt be able to communicate verbally with each other. life wouldnt be to bad with the bones missing in our faces because we could always use pencil and paper to communicate.
How would your life be different if your spine was one long bone as opposed to multiple bones?Our spine helps to keep us up right. Having one long bone would also keep us up right but we would be stuck in that position, and there would be less movement. We are able to move our bodys around because the body has multiple bones. For example bending over to pick up something it probably would be very painful if we had one long bone for a spine. I think that we would be able to survive without changing anything.
How would your life be different if you had your skeleton on the outside? If our skeletons were on the outside of the body things wouldn't be so good. The bones are inside the body to protect internal organs and also to support the body. I believe that it would be very painful, and I dont feel that there would be any changes that we could make that would help us to survive.
Wednesday, September 19, 2007
Skeletal Muscle Physiology Worksheet
1. What percent of the body is smooth muscle? Striated muscle? 5 to 10 percent, 40.
2. Name 3 types of muscle proteins. What is the function of each? stroma, cellular,contractile. An inert structural element or skeleton to hold the rest of the structures in place, enzymes that are not just found in the muscles but also in other parts of the body, two types myosin and actin and necessary for contraction
3. What is a myofibril? independant element in muscle fibers
4. Sketch a picture of a sarcomere. Label the I-band, the A-band, the Z-line and the H-zone.
5. Name the two filaments that make up a sarcomere. thick and thin
6. Draw a sarcomere at rest, stretched out and contracted.
7. What is the sliding filament theory? During muscle contraction the myofilaments myosin and slide toward each other
8. Muscle relaxation ensues upon the removal of what? calcium ions
Tuesday, September 18, 2007
Basic joint anatomy worksheet
Why is there little to no movement in a fibrous joint? Because the bones making up the joint are unitedwith strong fibrous tissue.
What is an example of a fibrous joint? sutures which hold together the bones of the skull.
Describe a cartilaginous joint and give an example. formed where two bones are united by intervening fibrocartilage, the vertebrae
What type of joint essentially allows free movement? synovial joints
What lubricates a joint cavity? synovial fluid
For the following joint types please list the name of the joint type, the type of movement of the joint, the shape of the joint and an example.
A. Plane joint the carpal bones, slightly curved articular suface which permit gliding or slipping in any direction
B. Hinge joint cylindrical surface, the elbow joints
C. Condylar joint articular surface, the knee joint.
D. Ball and Socket joint spherical articulation, the shoulder joints
E. Ellipsoidal joint like ball and socket but oval shaped, the wrist
F. Pivot joint boney peg, joints between the radius and the ulna
G. Saddle joint resembles western saddle, the thumb joint
What is an example of a fibrous joint? sutures which hold together the bones of the skull.
Describe a cartilaginous joint and give an example. formed where two bones are united by intervening fibrocartilage, the vertebrae
What type of joint essentially allows free movement? synovial joints
What lubricates a joint cavity? synovial fluid
For the following joint types please list the name of the joint type, the type of movement of the joint, the shape of the joint and an example.
A. Plane joint the carpal bones, slightly curved articular suface which permit gliding or slipping in any direction
B. Hinge joint cylindrical surface, the elbow joints
C. Condylar joint articular surface, the knee joint.
D. Ball and Socket joint spherical articulation, the shoulder joints
E. Ellipsoidal joint like ball and socket but oval shaped, the wrist
F. Pivot joint boney peg, joints between the radius and the ulna
G. Saddle joint resembles western saddle, the thumb joint
Monday, September 17, 2007
Basic skeletal worksheet
1. Describe the 4 functions of bones. supporting, protecting internal organs, provide muscle attachment, blood cell production.
2. How many bones are there in the human body?206.
3. What are the two divisions of the skeletal system? Name 5 specific bones in each division. Axial, appendicular.
4. What bone makes up the upper arm? humerus
5. What bone makes up the face? Skull
6. Name two bones that protect vital internal organs. skull, rib cage.
7. What bone in the forearm is always on thumb side? the ulna.
8. What bone is movable for back muscles to attach to? scapula.
9. What bone is also known as the shin bone? tibia.
10. Sketch a human skeleton and label the following bones: skull, clavicle, sternum, humerus, radius, ulna, patella, femur, tibia, fibula, pelvis, vertebral column, scapula and rib cage.
Wednesday, September 5, 2007
Study questions
Study questions
Chapter 2
Distinguish between the study of anatomy & physiology. Structure of the body parts, study of the function.
Example that shows relationship between structure & function of these body parts. The stomach pouch like shape & ability to expand are suitable to its functions for storing food.
List the levels of organization within the human body in reference to a specific organ. Atoms, molecule, macromolecule, cells, tissue, organs, organ system, and organism.
Distinguish between a midsagittal, transverse, and a frontal cut. Divides body into right & left portions, cuts body into superior & inferior portions, cut body into anterior & posterior portions.
6. Distinguish between dorsal & ventral body cavities, & name two smaller cavities that occur within each. Dorsal can be subdivided into two parts, cranial cavity within the skull contains the brain & spinal cavity contains the spinal cord.
10. Define homeostasis, & explain its importants. The relative contsancy of the bodys internal environment, which is composed of the blood & the tissue fluid that bathes the cells.
Objective questions part IV
Matching organ systems
digestive 24. Stomach
urinary 25. Kidneys
respiratory 20. Lungs
circulatory 21. Heart
reproductive 22.ovaries
nervous 23. Brain
endocrine 19. Thyroid gland
Medical reinforcement exercise
3. Gasterectomy means excision of the stomach
5. Macrocephalus means large skull
6. Transthoracic means across the chest wall
7. Bilateral means two or both sided
9. Dorsalgia means pain in the upper back
10. Endocrinology is the study of the endocrine system (secretion within).
Chapter 4
Study questions
4. Describe the structure & function of endoplasmic reticulum Er. Include the terms smooth ER, rough ER, & ribosomes in your description. Endoplasmic reticulum forms a membranous system of tubular canals that begin at the envelope & branches throughout the cytoplasm. Ribosomes are attached to portions if ribosomes are present its called rough ER if they are not its called smooth ER.
5. Describe the structure & function of the golgi apparatus. Mention vesicles & lysosomes in your description. Packages a product for export, the product is enclosed within a vesicle that moves toward the plasma membrane, where the vesicle discharges its contents. Lysosomes carryout intracllular digestion and digestive enzymes.
6.describe the structure & function of the mitochondria. Mention the energy molecule ATP in your description. Burns glucose products to produce ATP molecule.
8. Contrast passive transport (diffusion, osmosis, filtration) with active transport of molecules across the plasma membrane. Diffusion is passive movement of molecules from an area of lower concentration. Osmosis id the diffusion of water across a plasma membrane. Blood pressure aids matter by pushing water and dissolve solutes of the capillary.
Objective questions
Match the organelles in the key to the functions given.
mitochondria 3. Power house
nucleus 5. Control center
golgi apparatus 1. packaging & secretion
rough ER 4. Protien synthesis
centrioles 2. Cell division
Chapter 5
Study questions
1.What is tissue? Similarly specialized cells that perform a common function in the body.
3. What are the functions of epithelial tissue? Name the different kinds of epithelial tissue, & give a location for each. Forms a continuous layer, or sheet, over the entire body surface and most of the body’s inner cavities, squamous lines the lungs, cuboidal lines the kidneys, & columnar found near the digestive system.
4. What are the functions of connective tissue? Name the different kinds of connective tissue, & given a location for each. Binds structure together provides support & protection, fill space, produces blood cells, & stores fat.
9.Name the different types of body membranes, & associate each type with a particular location in the body. Mucous lines the interior walls of the organs & tubes that open to the outside of the body, serous lines cavities including thoracic & abdominoplvic cavities & internal like the heart , synovial line freely movable joint cavities & composed of connective tissue, cutaneous forms the outer layer of the skin.
Chapter 2
Distinguish between the study of anatomy & physiology. Structure of the body parts, study of the function.
Example that shows relationship between structure & function of these body parts. The stomach pouch like shape & ability to expand are suitable to its functions for storing food.
List the levels of organization within the human body in reference to a specific organ. Atoms, molecule, macromolecule, cells, tissue, organs, organ system, and organism.
Distinguish between a midsagittal, transverse, and a frontal cut. Divides body into right & left portions, cuts body into superior & inferior portions, cut body into anterior & posterior portions.
6. Distinguish between dorsal & ventral body cavities, & name two smaller cavities that occur within each. Dorsal can be subdivided into two parts, cranial cavity within the skull contains the brain & spinal cavity contains the spinal cord.
10. Define homeostasis, & explain its importants. The relative contsancy of the bodys internal environment, which is composed of the blood & the tissue fluid that bathes the cells.
Objective questions part IV
Matching organ systems
digestive 24. Stomach
urinary 25. Kidneys
respiratory 20. Lungs
circulatory 21. Heart
reproductive 22.ovaries
nervous 23. Brain
endocrine 19. Thyroid gland
Medical reinforcement exercise
3. Gasterectomy means excision of the stomach
5. Macrocephalus means large skull
6. Transthoracic means across the chest wall
7. Bilateral means two or both sided
9. Dorsalgia means pain in the upper back
10. Endocrinology is the study of the endocrine system (secretion within).
Chapter 4
Study questions
4. Describe the structure & function of endoplasmic reticulum Er. Include the terms smooth ER, rough ER, & ribosomes in your description. Endoplasmic reticulum forms a membranous system of tubular canals that begin at the envelope & branches throughout the cytoplasm. Ribosomes are attached to portions if ribosomes are present its called rough ER if they are not its called smooth ER.
5. Describe the structure & function of the golgi apparatus. Mention vesicles & lysosomes in your description. Packages a product for export, the product is enclosed within a vesicle that moves toward the plasma membrane, where the vesicle discharges its contents. Lysosomes carryout intracllular digestion and digestive enzymes.
6.describe the structure & function of the mitochondria. Mention the energy molecule ATP in your description. Burns glucose products to produce ATP molecule.
8. Contrast passive transport (diffusion, osmosis, filtration) with active transport of molecules across the plasma membrane. Diffusion is passive movement of molecules from an area of lower concentration. Osmosis id the diffusion of water across a plasma membrane. Blood pressure aids matter by pushing water and dissolve solutes of the capillary.
Objective questions
Match the organelles in the key to the functions given.
mitochondria 3. Power house
nucleus 5. Control center
golgi apparatus 1. packaging & secretion
rough ER 4. Protien synthesis
centrioles 2. Cell division
Chapter 5
Study questions
1.What is tissue? Similarly specialized cells that perform a common function in the body.
3. What are the functions of epithelial tissue? Name the different kinds of epithelial tissue, & give a location for each. Forms a continuous layer, or sheet, over the entire body surface and most of the body’s inner cavities, squamous lines the lungs, cuboidal lines the kidneys, & columnar found near the digestive system.
4. What are the functions of connective tissue? Name the different kinds of connective tissue, & given a location for each. Binds structure together provides support & protection, fill space, produces blood cells, & stores fat.
9.Name the different types of body membranes, & associate each type with a particular location in the body. Mucous lines the interior walls of the organs & tubes that open to the outside of the body, serous lines cavities including thoracic & abdominoplvic cavities & internal like the heart , synovial line freely movable joint cavities & composed of connective tissue, cutaneous forms the outer layer of the skin.
Tuesday, September 4, 2007
Thursday, August 30, 2007
Drills on diction
1. bio – life, biology, In biology class you’ll be learning about life.
2. capit – head, decapitate, Many people were decapitated during the French Revolution.
3. cephal – head, cephalad, The area towards the head or anterior of the body is called cephalad.
4. corp – body, corpus, The body of a dead person or animal is an corpus.
5. crani – skull, cranium, The cranium protects the brain from being damaged.
6. dent – tooth, dental, Regular dental care is essential for healthy teeth.
7. hist – tissue, histology, Histology is the scientific study of the microscopic structure of plant and animal tissues.
8. later – side, lateral, everything on the side of the body is considered to be the lateral part of the body.
9. ocul - eye, oculist, an oculist is a person skilled in testing for defects of vision.
10. oste – bone, osteoblast, A cell from which a bone is developed is called osteoblast.
11. phag – eat, phagocyte, A phagocyte is a cell that engulfs and digests debris and invading microorganisms.
12. pleur – side, pleura, Pleura is a thin serous membrane in mammals that envelops each lung and folds back to make a lining for the chest cavity.
13. quad – four, quadriceps, a muscle of the thigh that extends the leg is called the quadriceps.
14. Stern – chest, sternum a bone or series of bones extending along the middle line of the ventral portion of the body of
Ab away from, abduct there was a five year old kid abducted from his school.
ad – toward, adrenal the adrenal glands are near the kidneys
3. Angi – vessle, angiography, angiography is the Examination of the blood vessels using x-rays following the injection of a radiopaque substance.
auto – self, autograph Normal people love getting autographs from Celebes.
Centi – hundred, centimeter A unit of length equal to one hundredth
Circum – around, circumflex to bend around.
Dextro – right, dextrad the right hand is sinistrad to the body
epi – upon, epigastric
ex – out of, excision
inter- between, internnal All organs are internal.
non – not, nonviable not capable of living or developing successfully
Ortho – straight, orthopedic my grandmother wears orthopedic shoes.
Path – disease, pathology a pathologist studies disease.
Pseudo – false, pseudopod temporary outgrowth used by some microorganisms as an organ of feeding or locomotion
sinistro – left, sinistrad the left hand is sinistrad to the body
cide - kill, aborticide aborticide is when your getting rid of a fetus
itis – inflame, hepatitis my uncle has hepatitis
Logy – study of, histology in histology you study organic tissue.
meter - measure, pedometer people run for exercise may wear a pedometer
Plasty- formed, osteoplasty osteoplasty is plastic surgery on a bone to repair a defect or loss
2. capit – head, decapitate, Many people were decapitated during the French Revolution.
3. cephal – head, cephalad, The area towards the head or anterior of the body is called cephalad.
4. corp – body, corpus, The body of a dead person or animal is an corpus.
5. crani – skull, cranium, The cranium protects the brain from being damaged.
6. dent – tooth, dental, Regular dental care is essential for healthy teeth.
7. hist – tissue, histology, Histology is the scientific study of the microscopic structure of plant and animal tissues.
8. later – side, lateral, everything on the side of the body is considered to be the lateral part of the body.
9. ocul - eye, oculist, an oculist is a person skilled in testing for defects of vision.
10. oste – bone, osteoblast, A cell from which a bone is developed is called osteoblast.
11. phag – eat, phagocyte, A phagocyte is a cell that engulfs and digests debris and invading microorganisms.
12. pleur – side, pleura, Pleura is a thin serous membrane in mammals that envelops each lung and folds back to make a lining for the chest cavity.
13. quad – four, quadriceps, a muscle of the thigh that extends the leg is called the quadriceps.
14. Stern – chest, sternum a bone or series of bones extending along the middle line of the ventral portion of the body of
Ab away from, abduct there was a five year old kid abducted from his school.
ad – toward, adrenal the adrenal glands are near the kidneys
3. Angi – vessle, angiography, angiography is the Examination of the blood vessels using x-rays following the injection of a radiopaque substance.
auto – self, autograph Normal people love getting autographs from Celebes.
Centi – hundred, centimeter A unit of length equal to one hundredth
Circum – around, circumflex to bend around.
Dextro – right, dextrad the right hand is sinistrad to the body
epi – upon, epigastric
ex – out of, excision
inter- between, internnal All organs are internal.
non – not, nonviable not capable of living or developing successfully
Ortho – straight, orthopedic my grandmother wears orthopedic shoes.
Path – disease, pathology a pathologist studies disease.
Pseudo – false, pseudopod temporary outgrowth used by some microorganisms as an organ of feeding or locomotion
sinistro – left, sinistrad the left hand is sinistrad to the body
cide - kill, aborticide aborticide is when your getting rid of a fetus
itis – inflame, hepatitis my uncle has hepatitis
Logy – study of, histology in histology you study organic tissue.
meter - measure, pedometer people run for exercise may wear a pedometer
Plasty- formed, osteoplasty osteoplasty is plastic surgery on a bone to repair a defect or loss
Definitions
Terms:
frontal plane- A plane parallel to the long axis of the body and perpendicular to the sagittal plane that separates the body into front and back portions.
sagittal plane- A longitudinal plane that divides the body of a bilaterally symmetrical animal into right and left sections.
transverse plane-
a plane across the body at right angles to the coronal and sagittal plane and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of a body or object; also, a plane dividing the body into an upper and lower section; also called
Medial- dividing an animal into right and left halves
superficial- on, or affecting, the surface only
superior- higher in rank, better, or greater, than
inferior- of poor, or poorer, quality
anterior- of or near the head end or toward the front plane of a body
posterior- the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on
distal- situated farthest from point of attachment or origin, as of a limb or bone
proximal- situated toward the point of origin or attachment, as of a limb or bone
flexion- The act of bending a joint or limb in the body by the action of flexors
extension- an act or instance of extending
pronation- rotation of the hand or forearm so that the surface of the palm is facing downward or toward the back
supine- lying on the back, face or front upward.
abduction- To draw away from the midline of the body or from an adjacent part or limb.
adduction- To draw inward toward the median axis of the body or toward an adjacent part or limb.
circumduction- The circular movement of a limb such that the distal end of the limb delineates an arc.
inversion- the turning inward of a part, as the foot. Eversion- a turning or being turned outward or inside out.
Elevation- the height to which something is elevated or to which it rises
Depression- a low state of vital powers or functional activity.
anatomical position- The erect position of the body with the face directed forward, the arms at the side, and the palms of the hands facing forward, used as a reference in describing the relation of body parts to one another.
Dorsal- situated on or toward the upper side of the body, equivalent to the back, or posterior, in humans.
Ventral- situated on or toward the lower, abdominal plane of the body
Interior- inside of anything
Exterior- being on the outer side
Peripheral- near the surface or outside of
Lateral- of or pertaining to the side
frontal plane- A plane parallel to the long axis of the body and perpendicular to the sagittal plane that separates the body into front and back portions.
sagittal plane- A longitudinal plane that divides the body of a bilaterally symmetrical animal into right and left sections.
transverse plane-
a plane across the body at right angles to the coronal and sagittal plane and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of a body or object; also, a plane dividing the body into an upper and lower section; also called
Medial- dividing an animal into right and left halves
superficial- on, or affecting, the surface only
superior- higher in rank, better, or greater, than
inferior- of poor, or poorer, quality
anterior- of or near the head end or toward the front plane of a body
posterior- the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on
distal- situated farthest from point of attachment or origin, as of a limb or bone
proximal- situated toward the point of origin or attachment, as of a limb or bone
flexion- The act of bending a joint or limb in the body by the action of flexors
extension- an act or instance of extending
pronation- rotation of the hand or forearm so that the surface of the palm is facing downward or toward the back
supine- lying on the back, face or front upward.
abduction- To draw away from the midline of the body or from an adjacent part or limb.
adduction- To draw inward toward the median axis of the body or toward an adjacent part or limb.
circumduction- The circular movement of a limb such that the distal end of the limb delineates an arc.
inversion- the turning inward of a part, as the foot. Eversion- a turning or being turned outward or inside out.
Elevation- the height to which something is elevated or to which it rises
Depression- a low state of vital powers or functional activity.
anatomical position- The erect position of the body with the face directed forward, the arms at the side, and the palms of the hands facing forward, used as a reference in describing the relation of body parts to one another.
Dorsal- situated on or toward the upper side of the body, equivalent to the back, or posterior, in humans.
Ventral- situated on or toward the lower, abdominal plane of the body
Interior- inside of anything
Exterior- being on the outer side
Peripheral- near the surface or outside of
Lateral- of or pertaining to the side
Human body worksheet
Explain the difference between anatomy and physiology. Anatomy is the study of structures & physiology is study of functions.
Please organize the following structures in order from smallest too largest: system, tissue, organ, and cell. Cell tissue, organ, and system.
In the term physiology the suffix -logy means what? Study of.
What is the type of membrane that lines all of the passages leading the exterior?
What do you call a mass of cells that all perform the same function?
What type of tissue is specialized for the conduction of nerve impulses? Nerve
The term epidermis contains a prefix and a root term. What is the root in this word and what does it
mean? Dermis and it means skin. What is the prefix in this word and what does it mean?
The term cavity appears frequently in this lesson. What does it mean? A hollow space within the body.
Name the four main types of tissue and describe their function. Connective, supports & protects bones
cartilage & adipose.
A cell is made of __cytoplasm_ except for the nucleus which is made of ? DNA
What type of membrane lines joint cavities and outer surfaces of bones? Synovial
What is an organ system? Two or more different organs that work together to provide a common function.
Name the five types of membranes and where each is located.
What is the function of the cell membrane? Hold the cell together. The nucleus?
The cutaneous membrane is made of two distinct layers. Name each of these layers and describe what they are made of.
Please organize the following structures in order from smallest too largest: system, tissue, organ, and cell. Cell tissue, organ, and system.
In the term physiology the suffix -logy means what? Study of.
What is the type of membrane that lines all of the passages leading the exterior?
What do you call a mass of cells that all perform the same function?
What type of tissue is specialized for the conduction of nerve impulses? Nerve
The term epidermis contains a prefix and a root term. What is the root in this word and what does it
mean? Dermis and it means skin. What is the prefix in this word and what does it mean?
The term cavity appears frequently in this lesson. What does it mean? A hollow space within the body.
Name the four main types of tissue and describe their function. Connective, supports & protects bones
cartilage & adipose.
A cell is made of __cytoplasm_ except for the nucleus which is made of ? DNA
What type of membrane lines joint cavities and outer surfaces of bones? Synovial
What is an organ system? Two or more different organs that work together to provide a common function.
Name the five types of membranes and where each is located.
What is the function of the cell membrane? Hold the cell together. The nucleus?
The cutaneous membrane is made of two distinct layers. Name each of these layers and describe what they are made of.
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